Weather measuring device

 Weather measuring device overview

Weather measuring device, also known as meteorological observation equipment, is a series of instruments used to monitor and record various meteorological parameters in the atmosphere. These devices are widely used in weather stations, environmental monitoring, agriculture, aviation, navigation and other fields to provide accurate weather information. The following is a detailed description of several key weather measurement devices and their functions:

 I. Temperature Measuring Device

1. Platinum resistance temperature sensor

   - Function: Measure the temperature of air, soil and other objects.

   - Function: The resistance value of platinum resistance changes with the temperature, and the temperature of the measured object is deduced by measuring its resistance value. Common Pt100 temperature sensing elements are ceramic elements, glass elements, mica elements and so on.

2. digital thermometer

   - Role: Measure the air temperature.

   - Function:

     - Digital Display: Displays an accurate Celsius or Fahrenheit reading.

     - Maximum / minimum temperature record: record the maximum and minimum temperature within a certain period of time.

 II. Humidity Measuring Devices

1. moisture-sensitive capacitive humidity sensor

   - Function: Measure the relative humidity of the atmosphere.

   - Function: Utilizes a small capacitor with an organic polymer membrane as the dielectric. In the external relative humidity changes, as a moisture-sensitive membrane of polymer adsorption and release of water vapor molecules, its dielectric constant ε changes, prompting changes in moisture-sensitive capacitance changes in the capacitance into a change in the amount of voltage, the measurement of the output voltage can be obtained relative humidity. 

2. Humidity meter (Hygrometer)

   - Function: Measure the relative humidity in the air.

   - Function:

     - Digital Display: Provides a visual reading of the percentage of humidity.

     - Dew point temperature indication: shows the temperature at which the air becomes saturated and begins to condense.

 III. Wind Measuring Devices

1. Wind cup wind speed sensor

   - Function: Measures wind speed.

   - Function: Adopting three-cup sensor, when the wind cup rotates, it drives the coaxial multi-tooth cut-off disc to rotate and get the pulse signal which is proportional to the rotational speed of the wind cup, and then it can get the actual wind speed value after converted by the counter.

2. Wind direction sensor

   - Function: Measure the wind direction.

   - Function: Detect the wind direction information through the rotation of the wind direction arrow, and transmit it to the coaxial code disk to output the relevant value corresponding to the wind direction. According to the working principle can be divided into photoelectric type, voltage type and compass type.

3. ultrasonic wind speed and direction sensor

   - Function: Measure wind speed and direction at the same time.

   - Function: Calculate the wind speed and direction by measuring the time difference of sound wave propagation in the air, which is characterized by no mechanical wear and fast response speed.

 IV. Atmospheric Pressure Measuring Device

1. Silicon Membrane Box Capacitive Pressure Sensor

   - Function: Measurement of atmospheric pressure.

   - Function: Use monocrystalline silicon thin film sheet made of vacuum membrane box, through the deformation of the upper and lower diaphragms of the membrane box, resulting in capacitance pole plate displacement and change the capacitance, and then through the measurement of changes in capacitance to measure the air pressure.

2. Intelligent fully compensated digital barometric pressure sensor

   - Function: Measure atmospheric pressure with high precision.

   - Function: The sensing element is silicon capacitor, installed in the collector chassis, through the hydrostatic pressure connecting tube with the external atmosphere, can accurately and quickly detect the atmospheric pressure.

 V. Precipitation Measuring Device

1. Tipping bucket rain gauge

   - Function: Measure the rainfall.

   - Function: the sensitive part is two triangular water bucket, can be rotated around the center axis, each rotation, with the movement of the magnet on the reed switch scanning once, the two electrodes are absorbed to produce an electrical pulse. The rainfall is recorded according to the number of times the hopper is turned over.

2. Rain gauge (Rain Gauge)

   - Function: To measure the amount of precipitation.

   - Function:

     - Accumulated rainfall: records the total rainfall over a period of time.

     - Rainfall Intensity: Measures the amount of rainfall per unit of time.

3. Rain and Snow Sensor

   - Function: Distinguishes and measures the amount of rain and snow.

   - Function: To accurately distinguish between types of precipitation under variable climatic conditions, useful for traffic management and agricultural irrigation schemes.

 VI. Solar Radiation Measuring Devices

1. Solar radiation sensor

   - Function: Measurement of total solar radiation or radiation in specific bands.

   - Function: Using thermoelectric stacks or photoelectric elements, the radiation energy is converted into an electrical signal, which is of great value for solar power generation and climate research.

2. Ultraviolet Sensor (UV Index Meter)

   - Function: Measure the intensity of ultraviolet rays.

   - Function:

     - UV Index: Provides a numerical value of UV intensity to help assess sun protection needs.

     - Outdoor Activity Planning: For skin protection advice, outdoor activity planning, and research on environmental UV levels.

 VII. Visibility Measuring Devices

1. Forward scattering visibility meter (visibility sensor)

   - Function: Measurement of atmospheric visibility.

   - Function: The transmitter and receiver are at two places at a certain angle and a certain distance, and the receiver receives the forward scattered light from the atmosphere. By measuring the intensity of the scattered light, the scattering coefficient is derived, and the extinction coefficient is thus estimated, and the visibility is then calculated.

2. Transmission Visibility Meter

   - Function: Measurement of atmospheric visibility.

   - Function: To calculate the visibility by measuring the average extinction coefficient of the horizontal air column between the transmitter and receiver.

 VIII. Weather phenomena measuring devices

1. Weather phenomena meter

   - Function: To determine weather phenomena.

   - Function: It is an intelligent multivariate sensor consisting of a scattering visibility meter, a precipitation monitoring system sensor, and sensors for temperature, humidity, wind direction, and wind speed. It determines weather phenomena by logically analyzing these data variables.

2. Lightning Locator

   - Function: To locate lightning and measure its parameters.

   - Function: Use the sound, light and electromagnetic field characteristics of lightning radiation to remotely measure the parameters of lightning discharge, and send the pre-processed lightning data in real time through the communication system to the central data processing station in real time for intersection processing, which can record the time of occurrence of lightning, location, intensity and polarity and other indicators.

 IX. Integrated weather station

1. integrated weather station

   - Role: Integrated monitoring of a variety of meteorological data.

   - Function:

     - Multi-parameter monitoring: usually includes temperature, humidity, wind speed, wind direction, air pressure, precipitation, etc.

     - Data Recording and Transmission: Record historical data and transmit them to computer or other devices through wireless or wired means.

     - Automated data collection: Continuous data collection and transmission is realized through automation technology to ensure the real-time and accuracy of data.

 X. Special Application Meteorological Equipment

1. Automatic Agricultural Meteorological Observation System

   - Function: real-time observation of crops and the external environment (farmland and soil) on which they depend.

   - Function: According to the business requirements, it mainly collects microclimate data, soil data, crop growth parameters and images and live monitoring video from the farmland, can be powered by various power supply modes, and interacts with the software of the upper computer for data through various communication modes.

2. Traffic Weather Observation Station

   - Function: Accurate and timely monitoring of road environmental conditions.

   - Function: It can be combined with other monitoring sub-systems of traffic management department to realize intelligent traffic security network system, and it can carry out real-time monitoring of various monitoring elements required for highways, such as fog, road surface icing and snow.

 Summarize

There are a wide variety of weather measurement devices with different functions, which together form the basis of the meteorological observation system and provide indispensable data support for weather forecasting, climate research and many industries that rely on weather conditions. Not only do these devices play a key role in scientific research and meteorological services, they also have a profound impact on a number of fields, including agriculture, transportation, and energy, ensuring that human society is better able to adapt to and utilize the natural environment. By integrating a wide range of sensors and technologies, modern meteorological observation systems are able to provide comprehensive and accurate weather information to help people make more informed decisions.