Data Transmission Technology of Weather Stations

The data transmission technology of weather station is mainly divided into two categories: wired transmission and wireless transmission.

Wired transmission technology

1. RS485 transmission:

Characteristics: RS485 is a kind of interface standard based on differential signal transmission, which has the advantages of strong anti-interference ability, long transmission distance and high transmission rate.

Application: In distributed weather station, RS485 transmission mode realizes stable transmission of weather data by connecting with cable between collector and display terminal. It is suitable for short-distance data transmission and can meet the needs of most weather stations.

2. Ethernet data transmission:

Characteristics: Ethernet is a kind of computer LAN technology with the advantages of high speed, stability and easy expansion.

Application: In the weather station, Ethernet data transmission connects the collector and display terminal through fiber optic link to realize high-speed transmission of weather data. It supports long-distance transmission and has good expandability and compatibility, which is suitable for large-scale meteorological monitoring network.

Wireless transmission technology

1.GPRS/3G/4G/5G: Utilizing mobile network for data transmission with wide coverage.

Characteristics: Wireless data transmission technology, with the advantages of wide access range, high transmission rate, fast login, always on-line and billing according to flow rate.

Application: In meteorological stations, GPRS/3G/4G/5G data transmission method transmits meteorological data to the data center through wireless signals without the need of laying cables, which reduces the construction cost and maintenance difficulty. It is suitable for weather stations with remote location or poor network environment.

IoT technology (e.g. LoRa, NB-IoT):

Features: with the development of IoT technology, IoT transmission technologies such as LoRa and NB-IoT have gradually become the new choice for meteorological data transmission. These technologies have the advantages of low power consumption, long-distance transmission, and low cost.

Application: IoT transmission technology can meet the demand for real-time transmission of meteorological data and is expected to become the mainstream way of data transmission from meteorological stations in the future.

Satellite communication: data transmission through geosynchronous satellites, suitable for remote areas.

Wi-Fi: Transmission of data via wireless LAN within a limited range.

How to ensure the safety and reliability of meteorological data

To ensure the security and reliability of meteorological data, the following measures can be taken:

1.Data encryption:

During data transmission, SSL/TLS, VPN, IPsec and other encryption technologies are used to encrypt the meteorological data to prevent the data from being illegally intercepted and tampered with during transmission. 

2. Multiple checking and error correction technology:

In the process of data transmission and reception, multiple data checking and error correction technologies are used to ensure the accuracy and reliability of data. Once the data error or loss is found, it can be corrected and recovered in time.

3. Backup and recovery mechanism:

Establish a data backup and recovery mechanism to regularly backup weather data and ensure the security and availability of the backup data. Once the data is lost or damaged, the data can be quickly recovered from the backup to ensure the integrity and reliability of the data.

4. Network security protection:

Strengthen network security protection by adopting security measures such as firewalls, intrusion detection systems (IDS) and intrusion prevention systems (IPS) to prevent network attacks and data leakage. At the same time, regular network security checks and vulnerability repair to ensure the security of the network environment.

5. Equipment maintenance and upkeep:

Regularly conduct maintenance and upkeep of weather station equipment to ensure that the equipment is in good operating condition. Timely detection and repair of equipment failure to prevent data loss or damage caused by equipment failure.

6. Remote monitoring and management:

Through remote monitoring and management system, real-time monitoring of the operating status and data transmission of the weather station equipment. Once abnormalities are found, it can respond quickly and take measures to solve the problem to ensure the timeliness and accuracy of meteorological data.

7. Redundant transmission:

Adopting multiple transmission paths or different transmission technologies, when one path fails, it can automatically switch to the backup path.

8. physical security:

Ensure the physical security of weather station equipment and data storage facilities to prevent unauthorized access.

To summarize, weather station can ensure the security and reliability of weather data by adopting appropriate data transmission technology, strengthening data encryption, multiple checking and error correction, backup and recovery mechanism, network security protection, equipment maintenance and repair, and remote monitoring and management.