Water quality monitoring is a critical component of environmental protection, water resource management, and public health assurance. As the demand for water quality monitoring grows, traditional single-parameter sensors struggle to meet the efficiency and accuracy requirements of complex scenarios. Multi-parameter water quality sensors, with their ability to simultaneously measure multiple water ···

Water quality monitoring is a critical tool for assessing water body health, identifying pollution sources, and guiding water resource management. By systematically measuring physical, chemical, and microbial indicators, water quality monitoring provides a scientific basis for environmental protection, public health, and industrial production. Different water uses (e.g., drinking water, industrial···

Water quality monitoring methods encompass physicochemical monitoring, biological monitoring, and remote sensing, each with distinct characteristics and complementary roles. Physicochemical monitoring provides high accuracy and standardization for drinking water and wastewater; biological monitoring reflects ecological impacts, suitable for long-term assessments; and remote sensing offers wide cov···

Water quality monitoring is an essential means of protecting water resources, maintaining ecological balance, and promoting social development. By providing scientific data, water quality monitoring plays a key role in government regulation, scientific research, ecological protection, and public health. In the context of smart water management, river chief systems, and green development, water qua···

Surface water quality monitoring is a cornerstone of water resource management and environmental protection, aimed at assessing the quality of surface waters such as rivers, lakes, and reservoirs. It provides insights into the distribution and variation of pollutants, offering a scientific basis for water environment management, drinking water safety, and ecological conservation. With the growing ···

Water hardness and electrical conductivity are critical indicators for assessing water quality, widely applied in drinking water treatment, industrial production, agricultural irrigation, and environmental monitoring. Water hardness reflects the concentration of calcium and magnesium ions, while conductivity is closely related to the concentration of dissolved solids. This article explores the cla···

Dissolved oxygen (DO) refers to the molecular oxygen dissolved in water, typically expressed in milligrams of oxygen per liter of water (mg/L). As a critical indicator of water quality, DO directly reflects the health and purification capacity of water bodies. It is widely used in environmental monitoring, water treatment, aquaculture, and scientific research. Dissolved oxygen sensors accurately m···

pH sensors are indispensable tools in water quality monitoring and are widely used in environmental monitoring, industrial production, agriculture, aquaculture, and laboratory research. The pH value is a key indicator for measuring the acidity or alkalinity of a solution, which directly affects the chemical properties and suitability of water. When selecting and using pH sensors, it is essential t···

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) is an important indicator for measuring the degree of organic pollution in water bodies. It reflects the total amount of reducible substances in the water that can be oxidized by strong oxidants. COD sensors, as an efficient tool for water quality monitoring, are widely used in industrial wastewater treatment, municipal sewage treatment, environmental monitoring, and s···

Turbidity is an important indicator for measuring the concentration of suspended particles in water, widely used in water quality monitoring, industrial process control, environmental science, and household appliances (such as washing machines). Turbidity sensors measure the scattering or transmission characteristics of light through water to provide accurate turbidity data. This paper will detail···